I'm just sharing this information because it might help you guys look into the issue from that angle. The two pages were created a month ago and were working fine across all devices back then. But now, they’re showing the same issue as the current page.
These two pages were created a month ago, and at the time, they were working fine across all devices. However, they are now experiencing the same issue as the current page.
I don't think this is a theme conflict, because the client mentioned that everything was working fine previously. However, even the old pages started showing this issue a few days ago, so it's possible that something changed when Replo launched a recent update or something similar.